The History of hip-hop

Hip hop music, also called hip-hop, rap music or hip-hop music, is a musical genre consisting of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted. It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling (orsynthesis), and beatboxing.

While often used to refer to rapping, "hip hop" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. The term hip hop music is sometimes used synonymously with the term rap music, though rapping is not a required component of hip hop music; the genre may also incorporate other elements of hip hop culture, including DJing and scratching, beatboxing, and instrumental tracks.

Creation of the term hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was still known as disco rap. It is believed that Cowboy created the term while teasing a friend who had just joined the U.S. Army, by scat singing the words "hip/hop/hip/hop" in a way that mimicked the rhythmic cadence of soldiers marching. Cowboy later worked the "hip hop" cadence into a part of his stage performance, which was quickly used by other artists such as The Sugarhill Gang in "Rapper's Delight".

Universal Zulu Nation founder Afrika Bambaataa is credited with first using the term to describe the subculture in which the music belonged; although it is also suggested that it was a derogatory term to describe the type of music.The first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice^] by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop.

Guermo's Surprise

Liz was planning the surprise party for her husband. She had been meticulously preparing for this event, and was very excited about the party. She invited family members who Guermo hadn’t seen in years. The party was to be on Saturday, but Guermo said to her that he did not want a surprise party. Liz did not know what to do because she had been planning the party for more than a year. The day of the party Guermo was shocked when he saw the  friends who he had not seen in nearly 20 years and his family members. He was angry with his wife and he knew he could be emotional, and he did not like people to see him that way. The home of Liz and Guermo was filled with food and salsa music. Liz whispered an “I love you” in Guermo’s ear, they kissed, and the two danced the rest of the night.

Informational Passages - Yellowstone

Yellowstone was the first national park in 1872. There are geysers and got springs  and many animals at  Yellowstone.  Each year, Yellowstone National Park is visited by more than 3 million people. Visitors can ski or go snowmobiling during the winter and during the other seasons they can go boating or fishing. Visiting Yellowstone national park can be a week-long vacation o more. Yellowstone is beautiful, and there are activities for everyone.

Cars

 In 1888 in Germany Modern cars were invented by Karl Benz. Panhard et Levassor was the first company to built only cars in France and the Peugeot Car Company started in 1891. The Olds Motor Vehicle Company was started by Ranson Olds in 1902 and Henry Ford started the Ford Motor company. Durgea motor wagon company started in 1893 in the US and it was the first US Company. All modern cars burned gasoline or diesel fuel. Since 1917 to 1928 Ford opened factories in France, Britain, Denmark and Germany. Also, it was one of the first manufactures to use assembly line. 

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